国际法庭科学领域文献外部特征及研究热点可视化分析

目的通过文献计量学方法对近十年Web of Science数据库中收录的法庭科学相关文献进行分析,为相关研究工作提供借鉴。方法使用主题、期刊和机构3种途径进行文献检索,通过Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)、Ucinet和VOSviewer等工具分析相应文献的年度分布、国家(地区)分布、机构分布、期刊分布和研究热点。结果近十年,相应文献共计49469篇。发文量呈逐年上升趋势。发文量前15的国家(地区)占发文总量的78.52%;中国发文量位列第5,但高被引文献所占比例位列第12;荷兰、瑞士和澳大利亚等国家(地区)综合影响力较高。中国合作国家(地区)主要包括美国、英国和德国等129个。圣玛丽大学法庭科学学院、悉尼大学和荷兰法医协会等综合影响力较高,相应文献发表在6357种期刊。根据领域高频词共现网络和高被引文献遴选出颅脑损伤、医疗卫生政策、评定量表和模型、医学影像学等研究热点。结论国际法庭科学领域SCI收录文献总数增速明显,我国成果影响力需大力提升;国际研究机构分散,我国研究力量需不断凝聚;国际领域研究热点广泛,我国高水平研究的国际参与度需继续提高。     

A randomized experimental study of sharing crime data with citizens: Do maps produce more fear?

The larger roles of the community in crime prevention and improvements in technology have increased police–citizen communication and the distribution of information from police departments to private citizens. Combined, these changes have led to the current movement among law enforcement agencies toward sharing both summary reports and maps of crime with community groups. Although the dissemination of crime information is intended to benefit community members, there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating the effects of crime mapping on citizen perceptions and fear of crime. This experiment compared three formats for disseminating crime data; two popular types of crime maps (i.e., graduated symbol and density) and the traditional tabular format of crime statistics. A randomized experimental design was used to measure residents fear of crime and their perception of the safety of different areas of Redlands, CA. Overall, residents who viewed either type of map reported less fear than those who viewed tabular statistics. Respondents who viewed graduated symbol maps consistently reported less fear than either density maps or tabular statistics. However, there were differences depending on the type of map. While graduated symbol maps were associated with the lowest levels of fear of robbery, theft or assault; density maps produced different reactions depending on the area of the city. Finally, the maps did not stigmatize high crime areas of Redlands. Where statistically significant differences existed, respondents who were given maps were more likely to recommend someone move into an area than those who were given tabular statistics.     

禁毒情报地理信息系统应用研究

禁毒情报与地理信息系统的结合可以把与禁毒有关的信息资源与对应空间地理数据集成在GIS平台之上,更好地实现信息的共享、智能筛选和案件线索关联分析。在此基础上通过研究禁毒情报地理信息系统在关联分析图形化、强制关联、“模式化”智能侦查分析等方面的应用技术,可以提高效率、节约警力、促进科技强警。     

A Method to Interpolate Osteon Volume Designed for Histological Age Estimation Research

Aging adult skeletal material is a crucial component of building the biological profile of unknown skeletal remains, but many macro- and microscopic methods have challenges regarding accuracy, precision, and replicability. This study developed a volumetric method to visualize and quantify histological remodeling events in three dimensions, using a two-dimensional serialized approach that applied circular polarizing microscopy and geographic information systems protocols. This approach was designed as a tool to extend current histological aging methodologies. Three serial transverse sections were obtained from a human femoral midshaft. A total sample size of 6847 complete osteons from the three sections was identified; 1229 osteons connected between all sections. The volume of all connected osteons was interpolated using ArcGIS area calculations and truncated cone geometric functions. Each section was divided into octants, and two random samples of 100 and of 30 connected osteons from each octant were generated. Osteon volume was compared between the octants for each random sample using ANOVA. Results indicated that the medial aspect had relative uniformity in osteon volume, whereas the lateral aspect showed high variability. The anterolateral–lateral octant had significantly smaller osteon volume, whereas the posterior–posterolateral octant had significantly larger osteon volume. Results also indicated that a minimum of 100 osteons is statistically more robust and more representative of normal osteon distribution and volume; the use of 30 osteons is insufficient. This research has demonstrated that osteon volume can be interpolated using spatial geometry and GIS applications and may be a tool to incorporate into adult age-at-death estimation techniques.     

The use of geographic information systems as a forensic tool to investigate sources of marine mammal entanglement in fisheries

Commercial fisheries represent a significant anthropogenic threat to marine mammal survival. Causes of marine mammal mortality are commonly determined by detailed necropsies of stranded carcasses. Gross evidence of entanglement in a fishery might include gear attached to the body, internal indications of asphyxiation and trauma, or gear markings on the epidermis. As gear is often fishery-specific, wound patterns on the epidermis that are created by entanglements in fishing gear may serve to identify possible sources of mortality. For this study, tools within the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) ArcMap GIS software were used to create maps that outline impressions that fishing gear can leave on the epidermis of entangled marine mammals. These maps can subsequently be used to identify possible sources of fishery entanglement for the many marine mammals that wash ashore without gear attached to their carcass. Entanglement wound patterns can be visually compared with fishing gear characteristics; however, differences in scale and image quality can introduce subjectivity that might hinder source identification. The technique described herein provides an objective way to outline the unique characteristics of fishing gear and their associated wounds on entangled marine mammals. Additionally, spatial relationships are preserved as the maps are adjusted to varying scales. Whereas the initial protocol required time-consuming digitization of the outline and visual determination of the pattern interface, this new, semiautomated technique saves analyst effort and minimizes error.     

犯罪热点研究的空间分析方法

随着犯罪的频繁发生,犯罪热点受到越来越多相关部门的关注。在此,应用不同的空间分析方法,研究犯罪热点的分布,提出预防犯罪的措施,以期为社会稳定提供参考。     

基于OAI-PMH的DSPACE元数据接口研究

在以汇文图书集成管理信息系统为代表的文献资源管理共享系统中贮藏着数以亿计的符合CNMARC标准的数据信息,但识别CNMARC格式需要特定系统的支持。为解决其数据信息的Web2.0应用问题,采用OAI-PMH协议提供的元数据挖掘和收割技术,对汇文系统的CNMARC数据和基于Dspace系统的学术典藏库的都柏林元数据格式的接口进行研究和分析,得出数据移植的具体实现方法。     

BrowStEx: A tool to aggregate browser storage artifacts for forensic analysis

Web storage or browser storage, a new client-side data storage feature, was recommended as a part of the HTML5 specifications and now widely adopted by major web browser vendors. Web storage with native browser support has changed the paradigm of web application development unprecedentedly because persistent data storage with increased data size can be realized on the client. Web storage is poised to quickly become an area of particular interest for forensic investigators due to the potential to discover critical information from web browser artifacts at client side. However, the literature work on web browser forensics has traditionally focused on browsing history, browser cache, and cookie files (Oh et al., 2011). Therefore, we first discuss the prevalence of web storage implementation in widely used websites. Then, we compare and contrast the web storage technology currently implemented in the five major web browsers, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Apple's Safari. Moreover, in order to provide more insights into web storage and enable unified forensic analysis, a proof-of-concept tool, named as BrowStEx (Browser Storage Extractor), is described with implementation details. The commonalities, differences, and the proof-of-concept tool discussed in this paper can be useful in developing advanced forensic tools that can extract browser storage artifacts.     

网络主题探究教学模式的设计——以《英语测试》课程考试成绩分析为例

网络主题探究教学模式（WebQuest）即学生通过网络来寻求某个问题的解决方案。该设计把现代教育技术——网络教学资源融入传统的《英语测试》课程中,以＂考试成绩分析＂的主题为例,研究网络主题探究教学模式及设计方法,通过定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,探讨网络主题探究教学模式对学生及其自主学习的影响。     

BiSAL – A bilingual sentiment analysis lexicon to analyze Dark Web forums for cyber security

In this paper, we present the development of a Bilingual Sentiment Analysis Lexicon (BiSAL) for cyber security domain, which consists of a Sentiment Lexicon for ENglish (SentiLEN) and a Sentiment Lexicon for ARabic (SentiLAR) that can be used to develop opinion mining and sentiment analysis systems for bilingual textual data from Dark Web forums. For SentiLEN, a list of 279 sentiment bearing English words related to cyber threats, radicalism, and conflicts are identified and a unifying process is devised to unify their sentiment scores obtained from four different sentiment data sets. Whereas, for SentiLAR, sentiment bearing Arabic words are identified from a collection of 2000 message posts from Alokab Web forum, which contains radical contents. The SentiLAR provides a list of 1019 sentiment bearing Arabic words related to cyber threats, radicalism, and conflicts along with their morphological variants and sentiment polarity. For polarity determination, a semi-automated analysis process by three Arabic language experts is performed and their ratings are aggregated using some aggregate functions. A Web interface is developed to access both the lexicons (SentiLEN and SentiLAR) of BiSAL data set online, and a beta version of the same is available at http://www.abulaish.com/bisal.